29 States and Their Dance Forms. India has rich cultural diversity, with each state boasting its unique traditions and customs. Among these diverse cultural elements, the dance forms of India stand out as a true reflection of the country’s vibrant heritage. From classical dances like Bharatanatyam and Kathak to the folk dances that have been passed down for generations, the dance forms of India are a testament to the creativity and artistry of its people.
In this instant note on dance forms of different states of India, we will explore the dance forms of 29 different states across India. We will check into each style’s history, key characteristics, and notable practitioners, offering readers a comprehensive understanding of the depth and breadth of India’s dance legacy. Whether you’re a seasoned dance enthusiast or someone new to the world of Indian dance, this post will take you on a captivating journey through the rhythmic heartbeat of the nation.
So, let’s explore India’s 29 states and their mesmerizing dance forms, celebrating the unity in diversity that makes this country such a vibrant culture
29 States and Their Dance Forms
India’s cultural diversity is truly unparalleled, with each of its 29 states boasting a rich culture of unique dance forms. From the graceful classical dances to the vibrant folk traditions, these rhythmic expressions are not merely entertainment, but living embodiments of the customs, beliefs, and histories that have been passed down through generations. Let us discuss in detail the statewide dance forms
Andhra Pradesh – Kuchipudi:
Kuchipudi is a classical dance form that originated in the village of Kuchipudi in Andhra Pradesh. It is known for its graceful movements, intricate footwork, and expressive gestures. Typically performed by both men and women, Kuchipudi often portrays mythological stories from Hindu epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
Arunachal Pradesh – Bardo Chham, Popir:
Bardo Chham and Popir are traditional dance forms of the Monpa tribe in Arunachal Pradesh. Bardo Chham is performed by male dancers wearing colorful masks and costumes, depicting various animals and deities. Popir, on the other hand, is a folk dance performed by women, usually during festivals and cultural events.
Assam – Sattriya, Bihu:
Sattriya is a classical dance form that originated in the monasteries of Assam. It is characterized by its graceful movements, rhythmic footwork, and devotional themes. Bihu, on the other hand, is a lively folk dance performed during the Bihu festival, celebrating the Assamese New Year. It is accompanied by traditional Assamese music and songs.
Bihar – Jat-Jatin, Kathputli:
Jat-Jatin is a traditional folk dance of Bihar, typically performed by men during weddings and other festive occasions. It involves energetic movements and acrobatic feats. Kathputli, on the other hand, is a form of puppetry that is popular in the state. Puppeteers use string puppets to enact stories and entertain audiences.
Chhattisgarh – Panthi, Raut Nacha:
Panthi is a folk dance of Chhattisgarh performed by the Satnami community. It is accompanied by religious songs and is often performed as a form of worship. Raut Nacha, on the other hand, is a traditional dance performed by Yadav community members. It involves vigorous movements and is often performed during the festival of Kartik Poornima.
Goa – Dekhnni, Fugdi, Dhalo:
Dekhnni is a traditional dance form of Goa, primarily performed by women. It involves graceful movements and expressive gestures, often accompanied by singing. Fugdi is another popular folk dance of Goa, performed in groups by women during festivals and celebrations. Dhalo is a vibrant dance performed by women during the harvest season, symbolizing the joy of a bountiful harvest.
Gujarat – Garba, Dandiya Raas, Bhavai:
Garba and Dandiya Raas are two of the most famous folk dances of Gujarat, especially popular during the Navratri festival. Garba involves circular movements accompanied by clapping and singing, while Dandiya Raas is a fast-paced dance performed with sticks. Bhavai is a traditional dance form that originated in Gujarat, known for its balancing acts and skilled performers.
Haryana – Ghoomar, Phag Dance:
Ghoomar is a traditional dance form of Haryana, characterized by graceful twirling movements and vibrant attire. It is often performed by women during weddings and festivals. Phag Dance, on the other hand, is a lively folk dance performed by men during the Phalgun festival, celebrating the arrival of spring.
Himachal Pradesh – Nati, Chamba, Kinnauri Nati:
Nati is a popular folk dance of Himachal Pradesh, performed by both men and women. It involves synchronized movements and rhythmic footwork, often accompanied by traditional Himachali music. Chamba and Kinnauri Nati are variations of the Nati dance, each with its own distinct style and costumes, representing different regions of the state.
Jharkhand – Chhau, Santhali Dance:
Chhau is a traditional dance form of Jharkhand, known for its martial arts-inspired movements and colorful masks. It is performed during festivals and special occasions to depict stories from Hindu epics and local folklore. Santhali Dance is another significant dance form of Jharkhand, performed by the Santhal tribe. It involves lively movements and rhythmic beats, often accompanied by traditional Santhali music.
Karnataka – Yakshagana, Dollu Kunitha, Bharatanatyam:
Yakshagana is a traditional dance drama form of Karnataka, known for its elaborate costumes, intricate makeup, and dramatic storytelling. Dollu Kunitha is a dynamic drum dance performed by the men of the Kuruba community, characterized by synchronized drumming and acrobatic movements. Bharatanatyam, although originating from Tamil Nadu, is also popular in Karnataka and is one of the most revered classical dance forms of India, known for its precise footwork and expressive gestures.
Kerala – Kathakali, Mohiniyattam, Theyyam:
Kathakali is a classical dance drama form of Kerala, renowned for its elaborate makeup, colorful costumes, and dramatic performances depicting mythological stories. Mohiniyattam is a graceful dance form performed by women, characterized by fluid movements and subtle expressions, often depicting stories of love and devotion. Theyyam is a ritualistic dance form of Kerala, where performers embody divine entities through elaborate costumes and intense movements.
Madhya Pradesh – Gaur Dance, Matki Dance:
Gaur Dance is a traditional folk dance of Madhya Pradesh, performed by the Bhil community during the Gaur festival. It involves energetic movements and rhythmic beats, symbolizing the celebration of life and nature. Matki Dance, on the other hand, is performed during the festival of Janmashtami, where dancers balance pots (matkis) on their heads while performing intricate steps.
Maharashtra – Lavani, Tamasha, Koli:
Lavani is a traditional dance form of Maharashtra, known for its lively movements, rhythmic footwork, and vibrant music. It is often performed by women and is accompanied by traditional Maharashtrian folk songs. Tamasha is a popular form of folk theater in Maharashtra, incorporating elements of dance, music, and drama to entertain audiences. Koli dance is a folk dance of the Koli community, performed during festivals and celebrations, featuring energetic movements and rhythmic beats.
Manipur – Manipuri:
Manipuri is a classical dance form that originated in Manipur, known for its graceful movements, delicate expressions, and colorful costumes. It often depicts stories from Hindu mythology and Manipuri folklore. The dance is characterized by its gentle swaying movements and intricate footwork, accompanied by traditional Manipuri music and songs.
Meghalaya – Wangala, Nongkrem Dance:
Wangala is a harvest festival celebrated by the Garo tribe of Meghalaya, featuring the Wangala dance. It is a vibrant dance performed by men and women, accompanied by traditional Garo music and songs, celebrating the bountiful harvest. Nongkrem Dance is another significant dance of the Khasi tribe, performed during the Nongkrem festival to appease the local deity and seek blessings for prosperity.
Mizoram – Cheraw, Khuallam:
Cheraw is a traditional bamboo dance of Mizoram, performed during festivals and cultural events. It involves rhythmic movements of bamboo sticks, which are clapped together by the dancers while performing intricate steps. Khuallam is a folk dance of the Mizo tribe, characterized by its synchronized movements and colorful costumes, often performed to celebrate important occasions and festivals.
Nagaland – Chang Lo, Zeliang Dance:
Chang Lo is a traditional dance of the Chang tribe of Nagaland, performed during festivals and ceremonial occasions. It involves rhythmic movements and singing, symbolizing the unity and spirit of the community. Zeliang Dance is a folk dance of the Zeliang tribe, known for its energetic movements and vibrant costumes, often performed during harvest festivals and cultural events.
Odisha – Odissi, Gotipua, Chhau:
Odissi is a classical dance form of Odisha, known for its fluid movements, expressive gestures, and intricate footwork. It often depicts stories from Hindu mythology and is characterized by its grace and elegance. Gotipua is a traditional dance form where young boys dress up as female characters and perform Odissi dance. Chhau is a martial dance form of Odisha, featuring acrobatic movements and elaborate masks, often performed during festivals and rituals.
Punjab – Bhangra, Giddha:
Bhangra is a lively folk dance of Punjab, known for its energetic movements, rhythmic beats, and vibrant attire. It is often performed during harvest festivals and weddings, symbolizing the joy and celebration of Punjabi culture. Giddha is a traditional dance performed exclusively by women, characterized by graceful movements, expressive gestures, and traditional Punjabi folk songs.
Rajasthan – Ghoomar, Kalbelia, Bhawai:
Ghoomar is a traditional folk dance of Rajasthan, performed by women during special occasions and festivals. It involves graceful twirling movements, accompanied by traditional Rajasthani music and songs. Kalbelia is a unique dance form performed by the Kalbelia tribe, known for its snake-like movements and lively rhythms. Bhawai is a traditional dance form where dancers balance pots (bhawais) on their heads while performing graceful movements and acrobatics.
Sikkim – Maruni:
Maruni is a traditional dance of Sikkim, performed during festivals and cultural events. It is characterized by its graceful movements, colorful costumes, and melodious music. Maruni dancers often depict stories of love and romance through their performances, captivating audiences with their expressive gestures and subtle expressions.
Tamil Nadu – Bharatanatyam, Karagattam, Kolattam:
Bharatanatyam is a classical dance form of Tamil Nadu, known for its precise footwork, expressive gestures, and intricate expressions. It often portrays stories from Hindu mythology and is characterized by its dynamic movements and rhythmic patterns. Karagattam is a folk dance of Tamil Nadu, performed by women balancing pots (karagams) on their heads while dancing. Kolattam is a lively group dance, featuring rhythmic movements and clapping, often performed during festivals and celebrations.
Telangana – Perini Shivatandavam, Telangana Folk Dance:
Perini Shivatandavam is a traditional dance form of Telangana, known for its vigorous movements and dramatic expressions, depicting the cosmic dance of Lord Shiva. Telangana Folk Dance encompasses various folk dance forms of the region, characterized by their vibrant costumes, energetic movements, and rhythmic beats, reflecting the rich cultural heritage of Telangana.
Tripura – Hozagiri, Lebang Boomani:
Hozagiri is a traditional dance of the Reang tribe of Tripura, performed during the Hojagiri festival. It involves balancing earthen pitchers (chimtas) on the head while performing graceful movements and acrobatics. Lebang Boomani is a folk dance of the Tripuri community, performed during weddings and festive occasions, featuring rhythmic movements and traditional Tripuri music.
Uttar Pradesh – Kathak, Raslila:
Kathak is a classical dance form that originated in Uttar Pradesh, known for its intricate footwork, expressive gestures, and storytelling. It often portrays stories from Hindu mythology and is characterized by its rhythmic patterns and graceful movements. Raslila is a traditional dance drama depicting the divine love of Radha and Krishna, performed during the festive season of Krishna Janmashtami.
Uttarakhand – Langvir Nritya, Barada Nati:
Langvir Nritya is a traditional dance form of Uttarakhand, performed by the Rajput community during festivals and celebrations. It involves acrobatic movements and mock combat scenes, showcasing the valor and strength of the dancers. Barada Nati is a folk dance of Uttarakhand, performed by the Bhotiya community, featuring lively movements and rhythmic beats, often accompanied by traditional instruments like the damau and dhol.
West Bengal – Kathak, Rabindra Nritya, Chhau:
Kathak, as mentioned earlier, is a classical dance form also practiced in West Bengal. Rabindra Nritya, also known as Tagore dance, is a dance form created by Rabindranath Tagore, characterized by its fluid movements and expressive gestures, often accompanied by Tagore’s songs. Chhau is a traditional dance form of West Bengal, known for its martial arts-inspired movements and elaborate masks, often performed during festivals and rituals.
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These traditional dance forms are an integral part of the cultural heritage of each state, reflecting the diversity and richness of India’s cultural richness.
Here’s a table listing the dance forms of the 29 states in India:
| State | Dance Form(s) |
|---|---|
| Andhra Pradesh | Kuchipudi, Vilasini Natyam, Andhra Natyam, Bhamakalpam, Veeranatyam, Dappu, Tappeta Gullu, Lambadi, Dhimsa, Kolattam, Butta Bommalu |
| Assam | Bihu, Bichhua, Natpuja, Maharas, Kaligopal, Bagurumba, Naga dance, Khel Gopal, Tabal Chongli, Canoe, Jhumura Hobjanai |
| Bihar | Jata-Jatin, Bakho-Bakhain, Panwariya, Sama Chakwa, Bidesia |
| Gujarat | Garba, Dandiya Ras, Tippani Juriun, Bhavai |
| Haryana | Jhumar, Phag, Daph, Dhamal, Loor, Gugga, Khor, Gagor |
| Himachal Pradesh | Jhora, Jhali, Chharhi, Dhaman, Chhapeli, Mahasu, Nati, Dangi |
| Jammu and Kashmir | Rauf, Hikat, Mandjas, Kud Dandi Nach, Damali |
| Karnataka | Yakshagan, Huttari, Suggi, Kunitha, Karga, Lambi |
| Kerala | Kathakali (Classical), Ottam Thulal, Mohiniattam, Kaikottikali |
| Maharashtra | Lavani, Nakata, Koli, Lezim, Gafa, Dahikala Dasavtar or Bohada |
| Odisha | Odissi (Classical), Savari, Ghumara, Painka, Munari, Chhau |
| West Bengal | Kathi, Gambhira, Dhali, Jatra, Baul, Marasia, Mahal, Keertan |
| Punjab | Bhangra, Giddha, Daff, Dhaman, Bhand, Naqual |
| Rajasthan | Ghumar, Chakri, Ganagor, Jhulan Leela, Jhuma, Suisini, Ghapal, Kalbeliya |
| Tamil Nadu | Bharatanatyam, Kumi, Kolattam, Kavadi |
| Uttar Pradesh | Nautanki, Raslila, Kajri, Jhora, Chappeli, Jaita |
| Uttarakhand | Garhwali, Kumayuni, Kajari, Jhora, Raslila, Chappeli |
| Goa | Tarangamel, Koli, Dekhni, Fugdi, Shigmo, Ghode, Modni, Samayi nrutya, Jagar, Ranmale, Gonph, Tonnya mell |
| Madhya Pradesh | Jawara, Maanch, Baredi, Naurata, Bhagoria |
| Chhattisgarh | Raut Nacha, Panthi, Pandwani, Chaitra, Kaksar, Saila |
| Jharkhand | Paika, Chhau, Karma, Jhumair, Agni |
| Telangana | Perini Sivatandavam, Gussadi, Lambadi, Bonalu |
| Mizoram | Cheraw, Khuallam, Chheihlam, Zangtalam |
| Tripura | Hojagiri, Garia, Jhum, Lebang Boomani, Mamita |
| Manipur | Manipuri (Classical), Thang Ta, Lai Haraoba, Pung Cholom, Mao Naga |
| Nagaland | Naga dance, War dance, Zeliang, Liangmai |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Buiya, Chalo, Wancho, Pasi Kongki |
| Sikkim | Singhi Chham, Yak Chham, Maruni |
| Meghalaya | Nongkrem, Laho, Behdienkhlam, Wangala |
Listing some popular Indian dances along with famous dancers associated with each:
| Dance Form | Famous Dancer(s) |
|---|---|
| Bharatanatyam | Rukmini Devi Arundale, Alarmel Valli, Padma Subrahmanyam |
| Kathak | Birju Maharaj, Shovana Narayan, Sitara Devi |
| Odissi | Kelucharan Mohapatra, Sanjukta Panigrahi, Sonal Mansingh |
| Kuchipudi | Vempati Chinna Satyam, Yamini Reddy, Shobha Naidu |
| Manipuri | Guru Bipin Singh, Darshana Jhaveri, Rajkumar Singhajit Singh |
| Kathakali | Kalamandalam Gopi, Kottakkal Sivaraman, Sadanam Krishnankutty |
| Mohiniyattam | Kalamandalam Kshemavathy, Sunanda Nair, Bharati Shivaji |
| Sattriya | Jatin Goswami, Prateesha Suresh, Anwesa Mahanta |
| Garba | Falguni Pathak, Kinjal Dave, Atul Purohit |
| Bhangra | Giddha Singh, Juggy D, Jassi Sidhu |
| Dandiya Raas | Falguni Pathak, Preeti-Pinky, Atul Purohit |
FAQs
FAQs about 29 States and Their Dance Forms:
How can one learn about traditional dance forms from different states?
Learning about traditional dance forms from different states can be done through various means. One option is to attend cultural events, festivals, and performances where these dances are showcased. Additionally, many dance schools and cultural organizations offer classes and workshops on specific traditional dance forms. Online resources, documentaries, and books can also provide valuable insights into the history, techniques, and cultural significance of these dances.
Are traditional dance forms only performed by professional dancers?
While some traditional dance forms in India, such as Bharatanatyam and Kathak, are practiced and performed by professional dancers, many others are part of everyday life and are performed by people from various walks of life during festivals, weddings, and other social gatherings. These dances are often passed down through generations within communities.
What is the significance of traditional dance forms in Indian culture?
Traditional dance forms play a vital role in Indian culture by preserving ancient traditions, reflecting regional identities, and promoting social cohesion. These dances often have deep cultural, religious, and historical significance, serving as a means of storytelling, celebration, and worship.