The human body is a marvel of complexity, and within it exists an intricate network of systems that work tirelessly to maintain our health. One such system that often goes unnoticed but plays a crucial role in our well-being is the excretory system. Often referred to as the body’s waste disposal system, it quietly and efficiently removes harmful waste products, ensuring our internal environment remains in balance.
35 Important MCQs on Excretory System practice now
The Role of the Excretory System: At the heart of this system are several vital organs, including the kidneys, bladder, liver, and lungs. Together, they collaborate to perform the following functions:
- Filtration: The kidneys are the stars of the show, filtering the blood and removing waste products like urea, excess salts, and toxins. They also help regulate the body’s fluid balance.
- Excretion: The filtered waste is converted into urine, which is then transported from the kidneys to the bladder via two slender tubes called ureters.
- Storage: The bladder acts as a temporary storage unit for urine. It expands as it fills up and signals the brain when it’s time for elimination.
- Elimination: When the bladder is full, the brain receives signals to empty it. This process, known as urination, rids the body of waste and excess water.
- Detoxification: The liver also plays a vital role in detoxifying the blood by breaking down harmful substances and converting them into less harmful compounds, which are eventually excreted from the body.
- Respiration: The lungs help remove carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, during the process of breathing.
Importance of a Healthy Excretory System: A well-functioning excretory system is essential for maintaining overall health. It helps regulate blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and the body’s acid-base equilibrium. When this system is compromised, it can lead to a range of health issues, including kidney disease, urinary tract infections, and imbalances in bodily fluids.
Maintaining a Healthy Excretory System: To ensure your excretory system remains in tip-top shape, it’s essential to adopt a few healthy habits:
- Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps dilute urine and flush out toxins effectively.
- Balanced Diet: Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while moderating salt and sugar intake.
- Regular Exercise: Physical activity promotes good circulation, which is beneficial for kidney health.
- Limit Alcohol and Caffeine: These substances can dehydrate the body and put stress on the kidneys.
- Quit Smoking: Smoking can damage blood vessels, including those in the kidneys.
35 Important MCQs on Excretory System
Q1. The yellow colour of human urine is due to a pigment called
(a) Cytochrome
(b) Urochrome
(c) Haemochrome
(d) Phenolichrome
Q2. The process by which blood is purifi ed in human body is called
(a) Dialysis
(b) Haemolysis
(c) Osmosis
(d) Paralysis
Q3. Where is urea separated from the blood?
(a) Intestine
(b) Stomach
(c) Spleen
(d) Kidney
Q4. The kidneys in human beings are a part of system for
(a) nutrition
(b) transportation
(c) excretion
(d) respiration
Q5. When kidneys fail to function, there is accumulation of
(a) Fats in the body
(b) Proteins in the body
(c) Sugar in the blood
(d) Nitrogenous waste products in the blood
Q6. Which of the following is not the normal function of the human kidney?
(a) Regulation of water level in the blood
(b) Regulation of sugar level in the blood
(c) Filter out urea
(d) Secretion of several hormones
Q7. The major chemical compound found in human kidney stones is :
(a) Urea
(b) Calcium carbonate
(c) Calcium oxalate
(d) Calcium sulphate
Q8. What is the primary function of the excretory system?
a) Digestion
b) Reproduction
c) Elimination of waste
d) Respiration
Q9. Where are the adrenal glands located?
a) Brain
b) Kidneys
c) Lungs
d) Stomach
Q10. Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorbing nutrients, water, and electrolytes?
a) Glomerulus
b) Renal tubule
c) Renal pelvis
d) Bowman’s capsule
Q11. Which hormone regulates the concentration of sodium and potassium ions in the blood?
a) Insulin
b) Thyroxine
c) Aldosterone
d) Estrogen
Q12. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
a) Nephron
b) Ureter
c) Bladder
d) Urethra
Q13. Which part of the excretory system stores urine before it is eliminated from the body?
a) Kidneys
b) Ureters
c) Bladder
d) Urethra
Q14. Which of the following is NOT a waste product excreted by the kidneys?
a) Urea
b) Creatinine
c) Glucose
d) Uric acid
Q15. Which blood vessel carries blood into the kidney for filtration?
a) Renal vein
b) Renal artery
c) Hepatic vein
d) Pulmonary artery
Q16. Which of the following is a function of the urinary system?
a) Regulating body temperature
b) Producing digestive enzymes
c) Maintaining blood glucose levels
d) Maintaining electrolyte balance
Q17. What is the name of the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder?
a) Urethra
b) Ureter
c) Nephron
d) Renal pelvis
Q18. Which organ produces renin, a hormone that regulates blood pressure?
a) Liver
b) Kidneys
c) Pancreas
d) Spleen
Q19. Which of the following is a common symptom of kidney stones?
a) High blood pressure
b) Blurred vision
c) Severe abdominal pain
d) Excessive thirst
Q20. Which part of the nephron is responsible for the initial filtration of blood?
a) Renal tubule
b) Bowman’s capsule
c) Loop of Henle
d) Collecting duct
Q21. What is the normal pH range of urine in a healthy individual?
a) 2-4
b) 5-7
c) 7-9
d) 10-12
Q22. Which hormone stimulates the production of red blood cells in response to low oxygen levels?
a) Insulin
b) Estrogen
c) Erythropoietin
d) Thyroxine
Q23. Which of the following is a symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
a) Increased urination
b) Low blood sugar
c) Elevated heart rate
d) Swelling of the feet
Q24. What is the role of the urethra in the excretory system?
a) Filtration
b) Storage of urine
c) Transporting urine out of the body
d) Reabsorption
Q25. Which of the following is a function of the renal pelvis?
a) Filtration
b) Reabsorption
c) Storage of urine
d) Transportation of urine
Q26. Which of the following is NOT a component of the excretory system?
a) Liver
b) Lungs
c) Skin
d) Pancreas
Q27. Which hormone is responsible for regulating the concentration of calcium in the blood?
a) Insulin
b) Thyroxine
c) Parathyroid hormone
d) Aldosterone
Q28. Which of the following is NOT a part of the nephron in the kidney?
a) Glomerulus
b) Renal tubule
c) Loop of Henle
d) Renal pelvis
Q29. What is the name of the condition where the kidneys fail to adequately filter waste from the blood?
a) Hypertension
b) Kidney stones
c) Kidney failure
d) Diabetes
Q30. Which substance is responsible for the yellow color of urine?
a) Haemoglobin
b) Bilirubin
c) Urobilinogen
d) Insulin
Q31. What is the term for the process of removing waste products from the body through a machine when the kidneys are unable to do so?
a) Filtration
b) Reabsorption
c) Dialysis
d) Secretion
Q32. What is the name of the condition characterized by the presence of high levels of glucose in the urine?
a) Hypoglycemia
b) Glycosuria
c) Hematuria
d) Hyperglycemia
Q33. Which of the following is a function of the glomerulus in the nephron?
a) Reabsorption of water
b) Initial filtration of blood
c) Storage of urine
d) Secretion of hormones
Q34. Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland and helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle but is not directly related to the excretory system?
a) Insulin
b) Melatonin
c) Thyroxine
d) Aldosterone
Q35.Which part of the nephron is responsible for maintaining the concentration of urine?
a) Glomerulus
b) Renal tubule
c) Loop of Henle
d) Collecting duct
What is the excretory system, and what does it do?
The excretory system is a group of organs and structures in the body responsible for removing waste products and maintaining the body’s internal balance. Its primary functions include filtering and eliminating waste from the blood, regulating fluid and electrolyte balance, and controlling blood pressure.
Which organs are part of the excretory system?
The main organs of the excretory system include the kidneys, bladder, liver, and lungs. The kidneys filter waste and excess substances from the blood, the bladder stores urine, the liver detoxifies the blood, and the lungs eliminate carbon dioxide during respiration.
What is the role of the kidneys in the excretory system?
The kidneys are the central organs of the excretory system. They filter the blood to remove waste products like urea, excess salts, and toxins. They also help regulate the body’s fluid balance and control blood pressure by adjusting the volume of blood and the concentration of electrolytes.
How does the excretory system maintain the body’s fluid balance?
The excretory system regulates fluid balance through processes like filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in the kidneys. Filtration removes waste products and excess substances from the blood, reabsorption returns essential substances like water and glucose to the bloodstream, and secretion eliminates additional waste products into the urine, helping maintain the proper fluid balance.
What can lead to problems in the excretory system?
Various factors can affect the excretory system’s health, including infections (like urinary tract infections), kidney stones, high blood pressure, diabetes, and lifestyle choices such as a poor diet, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking. These factors can impair the function of the kidneys and other excretory organs, potentially leading to serious health issues.